Calvinism and Universalism: Are They Practically the Same?

Calvinism and Universalism: Are They Practically the Same?

Introduction

Calvinism and Universalism are two theological systems that, at first glance, appear to be vastly different. Calvinism focuses on the doctrine of election, claiming that God predestines certain individuals to salvation while others are left to condemnation. Universalism, on the other hand, promotes the idea that all individuals will ultimately be saved regardless of their choices or beliefs. However, despite their differences, a closer examination reveals that these systems share several surprising similarities. This article explores these parallels and critiques both systems in light of biblical teaching.

1. Origins in Human Philosophy

Both Calvinism and Universalism are man-made theological systems. Calvinism finds its roots in the teachings of John Calvin, influenced by earlier figures like Augustine. Universalism can be traced back to Origen of Alexandria, an early church theologian. Neither system originates solely from Scripture but rather incorporates human reasoning and philosophy. This shared characteristic underscores their departure from a purely biblical foundation.

2. Rejection of Human Free Will

Both systems diminish or entirely dismiss the concept of human free will. In Calvinism, free will is overridden by God’s sovereign election—He determines who will be saved and who will not. Universalism eliminates the need for free will altogether, as salvation is guaranteed for all. This shared disregard for free will contradicts the biblical narrative, which emphasizes human responsibility and choice in responding to God’s offer of salvation.

3. Similar Arguments

Advocates of both systems use strikingly similar arguments to defend their positions. Calvinists argue that God saves whomever He wills, while Universalists claim that God’s love ensures the salvation of everyone. When faced with objections about human choice, both systems attempt to portray their critics as undermining God’s sovereignty or grace. These arguments often ignore the balance Scripture maintains between God’s sovereignty and human responsibility.

4. Discouragement of Evangelism

Both Calvinism and Universalism provide excuses to neglect evangelism. Calvinists might reason that if someone is elect, they will inevitably hear the gospel and be saved, rendering personal witnessing unnecessary. Universalists, on the other hand, see no urgency in sharing the gospel since everyone will ultimately be saved. These perspectives starkly contrast with the biblical mandate to preach the gospel to all nations (Matthew 28:19-20).

5. Undermining the Gospel’s Importance

In both systems, the necessity of the gospel message is diminished. Calvinism’s focus on predestination implies that salvation is independent of hearing and responding to the gospel, while Universalism’s inclusivity renders the gospel redundant. Yet Scripture repeatedly emphasizes that faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the Word of God (Romans 10:17).

6. Logical and Theological Flaws

Both systems contain significant logical and theological inconsistencies. Calvinism’s rigid determinism and Universalism’s all-inclusive salvation conflict with numerous biblical passages. For example, John 3:18 states, "He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already." This verse clearly affirms human responsibility and refutes both unconditional election and universal salvation.

7. Biblically Refutable

Finally, both systems can be easily refuted by Scripture. Hebrews 4:1-2 warns against failing to enter God’s rest due to unbelief, emphasizing the necessity of faith. The Bible teaches that salvation is offered to all but must be received by faith (John 3:16; Ephesians 2:8-9). This truth directly contradicts the core claims of both Calvinism and Universalism.

Conclusion

While Calvinism and Universalism may seem to occupy opposite ends of the theological spectrum, they share many problematic similarities. Both systems undermine free will, diminish the urgency of evangelism, and deviate from the biblical gospel. Instead of adhering to these flawed "isms," believers should return to the clear teaching of Scripture: salvation is available to all but is received only by faith in Jesus Christ. As followers of Christ, let us reject these man-made doctrines and commit to sharing the gospel with everyone, trusting God to work through His Word.